Most labeling techniques can be classified into two main categories depending on the distance of the labels to their associated features.Internal labelsare placed inside or in the direct neighborhood of features, whileexternal labels, which form the topic of this book, are placed in the margins outside the illustration, where they do not occlude the illustration itself. Both approaches form well-studied topics in diverse areas of computer science with several important milestones.
The goal of this book is twofold. The first is to serve as an entry point for the interested reader who wants to get familiar with the basic concepts of external labeling, as it introduces a unified and extensible taxonomy of labeling models suitable for a wide range of applications. The second is to serve as a point of reference for more experienced people in the field, as it brings forth a comprehensive overview of a wide range of approaches to produce external labelings that are efficient either in terms of different algorithmic optimization criteria or in terms of their usability in specific application domains. The book mostly concentrates on algorithmic aspects of external labeling, but it also presents various visual aspects that affect the aesthetic quality and usability of external labeling.

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